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What does the expression "Results in" indicate in formal logic?

  1. Necessity

  2. Mutually Exclusive

  3. Conclusion

  4. Sufficient Condition

The correct answer is: Necessity

In formal logic, the expression "Results in" indicates a Necessary Condition. This means that if one thing results in another, the second thing is necessary for the first thing to happen. In other words, the presence of the second thing is required for the first thing to occur. This relationship is key in logical reasoning and helps us understand the dependencies between different elements in arguments.